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Daniel W. Hand
Head shoulders black and white photo of Daniel W. Hand in army dress uniform and cap, facing front
Hand as a lieutenant colonel, probably circa 1924 when he was deputy commandant of the Field Artillery School
Born(1869-10-14)October 14, 1869
Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
DiedSeptember 28, 1945(1945-09-28) (aged 75)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Buried
Arlington National Cemetery
ServiceUnited States Army
Years of service1898–1933
RankBrigadier General
Service number0–908
UnitU.S. Army Field Artillery Branch
Commands2nd Battalion, 15th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
Battery F, 1st Field Artillery Regiment
3rd New York Field Artillery Regiment
Department of Firing, United States Army Field Artillery School
16th Field Artillery Brigade
25th Field Artillery Regiment
U.S. Relief Expedition to Japan
24th Field Artillery Regiment
7th Field Artillery Regiment
Fort Mason
WarsSpanish–American War
Philippine–American War
Pancho Villa Expedition
World War I
AwardsArmy Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Alma materShattuck Military Academy
University of Michigan (attended)
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Knapp Metcalf (m. 1896–1932, her death)
Ella Virginia Gayle (m. 1933–1945, his death)
Children2

Daniel W. Hand (October 14, 1869 – September 28, 1945) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Pancho Villa Expedition, and World War I, Hand attained the rank of brigadier general and was a recipient of the Army Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star. He was best known for his command of Field Artillery units including the Department of Firing at the United States Army Field Artillery School and several Field Artillery regiments.

A native of Saint Paul, Minnesota, Hand graduated from Shattuck Military Academy and attended the University of Michigan Law School from 1888 to 1890. He pursued a business career until 1898, when he volunteered for military service during the Spanish–American War. Commissioned as a major in the 15th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment, he commanded the regiment's 2nd Battalion during its service in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Georgia. He remained in the army during the Philippine–American War as a captain in the 45th United States Volunteer Infantry. In August 1901 Hand received a regular army commission as a first lieutenant of Field Artillery. He served in Field Artillery postings of increasing responsibility throughout the United States, in addition to performing temporary quartermaster duties on several occasions. During the Pancho Villa Expedition, Hand commanded the 3rd New York Field Artillery as it performed border security near McAllen, Texas.

During World War I, Hand commanded a regiment and served as director of the Department of Firing at the Field Artillery School, then was promoted to temporary brigadier general as commander of a brigade. After the war, he reverted to his permanent rank of captain and continued to serve in Field Artillery assignments as he advanced to permanent colonel, including command of the 25th Field Artillery Regiment in the Philippines and command of the U.S. Relief Expedition to Japan following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. Hand closed his career as commander of the post at Fort Mason, California and artillery inspector on the staff of the Ninth Corps Area. Hand attained the mandatory retirement age of 64 in 1933, and retired as a brigadier general.

In retirement, Hand resided in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. He died in San Francisco on September 28, 1945. Hand was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

Early life

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Daniel Whilldin Hand was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota on October 14, 1869,[1] the son of Daniel Whilldin Hand (1834–1889) and Susan Melville Egerton (1842–1877).[2] Hand's father was a prominent doctor who served as a Union Army surgeon during the American Civil War.[3] Hand attended Shattuck Military Academy,[4] where he was High Mogul of the 5th Avenue Club, an unsanctioned social organization that was often involved in campus pranks and rivalries with other schools.[5] Hand also commanded Shattuck's artillery company with the rank of cadet captain, and earned accolades for developing the company to a high level of proficiency.[6] He attended the University of Michigan Law School from 1888 to 1890[7] as a special non-degree student, and became a member of the Chi Psi fraternity.[8]

After completing his education, Hand worked in Saint Paul as the manager of his families financial holdings, including real estate loans,[9] rental properties,[10][11] and building lots.[12] In addition, Hand worked as a sales representative for the Pine Tree Lumber Company of Little Falls, Minnesota.[13]

Start of career

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In April 1898, Hand was one of several Shattuck graduates who held an organizational meeting and volunteered for Spanish–American War service, and he was elected president of the group, which agreed to form into a regiment and recruit additional volunteers.[14] When the 15th Minnesota Infantry Regiment was officially created that summer, Hand was commissioned as one of its two majors and assigned to command the 2nd Battalion.[15][16] The 15th Minnesota completed its initial organizing and training at Camp Ramsey, Minnesota and Camp George Meade, Pennsylvania.[17]

The 15th Minnesota moved to Augusta, Georgia in October 1898.[18] The regiment returned home following the end of the war, and was mustered out in March 1899.[19] The U.S. Army subsequently began to raise federal volunteer regiments for service in the Philippine–American War, and Hand was commissioned a captain in the 45th United States Volunteer Infantry.[20] Hand served with the regiment during organization and training at Fort Snelling, Minnesota.[21]

Hand served in the Philippines from September 1899 to June 1901 and took part in 23 engagements.[4] After returning to the United States, Hand applied for a regular army commission and in August 1901 received appointment as a first lieutenant of Artillery.[22] He served briefly with the 121st Coast Artillery Company at Governors Island, New York,[23] followed soon afterwards by the company's transfer to Key West, Florida.[24] In September 1902, he was transferred to the 28th Field Artillery Company at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.[25][26]

In February 1904, Hand was assigned to Fort Monroe, Virginia and selected to attend the Artillery Officers Course.[27] After graduating in July, he was assigned to the 25th Field Artillery Battery at Fort Riley, Kansas,[28] followed by assignment to the 2nd Battery, also at Fort Riley.[29] Hand was promoted to captain in January 1907.[30]

Continued career

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After his promotion to captain, Hand was assigned to the 1st Field Artillery Regiment at the Presidio of San Francisco.[31] Hand commanded the regiment's Battery F until February 1908, when he was assigned to act as the regimental quartermaster.[32] In March 1908, he was detailed to Fort Barrancas, Florida, to supervise ongoing construction projects.[33] In September 1908, he was assigned to the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot as assistant to the chief quartermaster.[34]

In April 1909, Hand was assigned as quartermaster of USAT Thomas, a troop transport ship based in San Francisco that made regular trips to the Philippines during the U.S. occupation.[35] In March 1910, nationwide news reports indicated that Hand had been arrested in San Francisco on an unknown charge following his return from a trip to the Philippines.[36] Subsequent news accounts indicated that the reports were erroneous,[37] but Hand's orders to assume quartermaster duties aboard USAT Sherman were canceled[38] and he was instead assigned to quartermaster duties at the San Francisco Quartermaster Depot.[39] News reports in early May indicated that Hand was ill and confined to the hospital at the Presidio.[40]

In late May 1910, Hand was arrested again and charged with being drunk on duty, violating a pledge to his commander that he would abstain from alcohol, and conduct unbecoming an officer.[41] He was convicted in a July court-martial and sentenced to dismissal from the service.[42] In August, Hand's dismissal was commuted by President William Howard Taft, who sentenced him to be reduced to the lowest place in seniority for Field Artillery captains for five years and confined to base for a year.[43] After the court-martial, Hand returned to duty with the 1st Field Artillery in San Francisco.[44]

In July 1911, the 1st Field Artillery was assigned to the Schofield Barracks, Hawaii Territory.[45][46] In November 1912, Hand was transferred from the 1st Artillery to the 2nd Field Artillery Regiment at Vancouver Barracks, Washington.[47][48] In June 1913, he was assigned to the 5th Field Artillery at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.[49][50] In May 1915, Hand was detailed to serve as Field Artillery inspector and instructor for the New York National Guard.[51]

Later career

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In June 1916, the New York National Guard was activated for federal service during the Pancho Villa Expedition.[52] John F. O'Ryan, the commander of the New York Division, reorganized Buffalo's 65th Infantry Regiment as a heavy field artillery regiment, the 3rd New York Field Artillery, which he appointed Hand to command with the temporary rank of colonel.[53] After completing organization and training, the regiment performed border security detail near McAllen, Texas.[54] The 3rd New York Field Artillery returned to Buffalo and was mustered out in March 1917.[55] Following the return of his regiment to New York, Hand was assigned to the War Department as instructor and inspector of National Guard artillery in New York and New England.[56]

With the United States preparing for entry into World War I, in June 1917 Hand was assigned to Fort Niagara, New York as an artillery instructor for the post's officer training school.[57] In the fall of 1917, Hand was assigned as second-in-command of the 308th Field Artillery Regiment at Fort Dix, New Jersey with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel.[58] From October 1917 to October 1918, Hand served as assistant director, then director of the Department of Firing at the Fort Sill Field Artillery School.[59] In July 1918, he was promoted again to temporary colonel.[60] In October 1918, Hand was promoted to temporary brigadier general.[61] Hand briefly commanded the 16th Field Artillery Brigade at Camp Kearny, California, and he returned to Fort Sill following the Armistice of November 11, 1918.[62]

In early 1919, Hand reverted to his permanent rank of captain and was assigned to the War Department staff, where he worked to demobilize wartime bases and dispose of land, buildings, and materiel in the real estate section of the Bureau of Purchase, Storage and Traffic.[63] Later in 1919, he received promotion to major, then lieutenant colonel, and was assigned to Field Artillery training on the staff of the Militia Bureau.[64]

In December 1921, Hand was assigned to the 25th Field Artillery Regiment, which was serving in the Philippines, and he commanded the regiment from April to September 1922.[65] While in the Philippines, Hand was assigned to command the U.S. Relief Expedition to Japan as part of the international effort to provide assistance following the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.[66] In July 1924, he was assigned as assistant commandant of the Field Artillery School.[67] In March 1925, Hand was assigned as assistant to the Chief of Field Artillery.[68] In June 1926, he was promoted to colonel.[69]

From December 1927 to October 1929, Hand commanded the 24th Field Artillery Regiment in the Philippines.[70] He commanded the 7th Field Artillery Regiment at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont from December 1929 to June 1931.[71] After leaving the 7th Field Artillery, Hand was assigned to command the post at Fort Mason, California.[72] Hand's final assignment was artillery inspector on the staff of the Ninth Corps Area at the Presidio.[73] Hand retired after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in October 1933.[74] In 1930, the U.S. Congress passed legislation enabling World War I general officers to retire at the highest rank they had held, and at retirement Hand's rank of brigadier general was restored.[75]

Retirement and death

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In retirement, Hand was a resident of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.[76] Among the civic activities in which he engaged was membership on the Monterey Peninsula Airport District board of directors.[77] He died at Letterman Army Hospital at the Presidio of San Francisco on September 28, 1945.[78] Hand was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[78]

Awards

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Hand was a recipient of the Army Distinguished Service Medal for his World War I service.[79] While serving in the Philippines in 1900, Hand received the silver Citation Star for heroism.[78] When the Silver Star was created in 1932, Hand's Citation Star was converted to the new award.[78]

By virtue of his service in the Philippines, Hand was a member of the Military Order of the Carabao.[80]

Legacy

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As a result of his father's Civil War service, Hand was a hereditary member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.[81]

Fort Sill's Hand Road is named for Hand, as is the post's Hand Hill, which is located near Medicine Bluff Creek.[82] For several years after World War I, the New York National Guard awarded the Daniel W. Hand Trophy annually to the artillery battery that attained the highest proficiency in firing and maintenance.[83]

Family

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In 1896, Hand married Elizabeth Knapp Metcalf (1873–1932).[84][85] They were the parents of two children, Daniel (1897–1919) and Agnes (1899–1933).[84] In 1933, he married Ella Virginia Gayle, to whom he remained married until his death.[86][87]

References

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  1. ^ "Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand". Army and Navy Journal. Washington, DC: Army and Navy Journal, Inc. October 13, 1945. p. 250 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ^ Howe, Paul Sturtevant (1921). Mayflower Pilgrim Descendants in Cape May County, New Jersey. Cape May, NJ: Albert R. Hand. p. 207. ISBN 9780806307473 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Dr. Hand Dead: The Well-Known Physician Succumbs to Bright's Disease". The St. Paul Globe. Saint Paul, MN. June 2, 1889. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ a b "Obituary, Brig. Gen. Daniel Whilldin Hand", p. 250.
  5. ^ Neslund, Robert Eugene (June 30, 2008). "2008 Museum Self-Guided Tour: Note 146". Shattuck-St. Mary's Sesquicentennial Museum Display Self-Guided Tour. Faribault, MN: Shattuck-Saint Mary's. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  6. ^ "Hand Is To Be Made Major". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. July 4, 1898. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ University of Michigan (1890). Catalogue of the University of Michigan. Ann Harbor, MI: Courier Printing House. p. 228 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Henderson, Ira Wemmell, ed. (February 1907). "Alumni of Alpha Epsilon". The Purple and Gold. Vol. XXIV. Auburn, NY: Chi Psi Fraternity. p. 114 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Money to Loan: D. W. Hand". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. March 31, 1891. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Clare Hid the Goods: That is the Charge Made by Landlords". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. May 16, 1897. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ McCardy, J. J. (1895). Report of the City Comptroller of the City of St. Paul. St. Paul, MN: Pioneer Press. p. 315 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ "Real Estate Transfers: Lydia R. Hand et al. to D. W. Hand". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. January 29, 1896. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "D. W. Hand, Salesman for the Pine Tree Lumber Co". Weekly Transcript. Little Falls, MN. June 1, 1894. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Shattuck Boys Organize: Graduates of the Institution Willing To Fight". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. April 23, 1898. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Hand Is To Be Made Major", p. 4.
  16. ^ "Fifteenth To Move". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. October 3, 1898. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Fifteenth To Move", p. 3.
  18. ^ "Know Him Well: Alexander Ramsey Lived Near Camp Meade, Pa". The Minneapolis Tribune. Minneapolis, MN. October 22, 1898. p. Part Two, Page 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Monday: The Fifteenth Minnesota has been mustered out at Augusta, Ga". Hastings Weekly News. Hastings, NE. March 31, 1899. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "Good Day's Recruiting". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. September 14, 1899. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Good Day's Recruiting", p. 2.
  22. ^ Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-5719-7088-6 – via Google Books.
  23. ^ "To Forces of Land and Sea". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. February 11, 1902. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "Out-of-Town Society: Oakmont; Mrs. Daniel Hand". The Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, PA. February 16, 1902. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "The United Service: Army". The New York Times. New York, NY. September 27, 1902. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "City News: Regular Army Men". The Minneapolis Journal. Minneapolis, MN. September 24, 1903. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ "To Forces of Land and Sea: Army Orders". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. February 18, 1904. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "Orders to Army Officers". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. February 15, 1905. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ "To Forces of Land and Sea: Army". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. August 2, 1905. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
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  31. ^ "Notes of the Army and Navy: Edward P. Easterbrook". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, CA. August 8, 1907. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ "Army and Navy News: Army Orders; Daniel W. Hand". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. February 26, 1908. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Army and Navy News: Army Orders; Daniel W. Hand". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. March 2, 1908. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "To Forces of Land and Sea: Orders Issued to Members of Both Branches of the Service". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, MD. September 10, 1908. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Army Orders: Daniel W. Hand". The San Francisco Call. San Francisco, CA. April 9, 1909. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ "Captain Hand Arrested". Lancaster Daily Intelligencer. Lancaster, PA. March 29, 1910. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ "Capt. Hand Not Arrested". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. March 30, 1910. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "Captain Hand Arrested", p. 2.
  39. ^ "The Army: Capt. Daniel W. Hand". Kansas City Times. Kansas City, MO. April 1, 1910. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  40. ^ "Army Notes: Captain Daniel W. Hand". San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, CA. May 7, 1910. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ "Capt. Hand Arrested". The Topeka State Journal. Topeka, KS. May 26, 1910. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ "Hand Found Guilty; Dismissal Urged". San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, CA. July 30, 1910. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ "To Bottom of List". Arkansas Democrat. Little Rock, AR. August 5, 1910. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^ "Sherman Sails for Manila". The San Francisco Call. San Francisco, CA. July 6, 1911. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "Sherman Sails for Manila", p. 15.
  46. ^ "Retired Officers Like Honolulu". The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu, HI. January 30, 1912. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ "Army and Navy orders: Army; Daniel W. Hand". The Washington Times. Washington, DC. November 21, 1912. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ "A general court martial is appointed to meet at Vancouver Barracks, Washington, on June 3". The San Francisco Call. San Francisco, CA. May 30, 1913. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^ "The Army: The following transfers of officers of the field artillery are ordered; Daniel W. Handy". Kansas City Times. Kansas City, MO. June 18, 1913. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "7,000 regulars Available Near Mexican Border". The Farmer. Bridgeport, CT. February 13, 1913. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ "Washington Army Orders: Captain Daniel W. Hand". The Brownsville Herald. Brownsville, TX. May 14, 1915. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ "Heavy Field Artillery Regiment to be Formed". The Boston Globe. Boston, MA. June 27, 1916. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "Heavy Field Artillery Regiment to be Formed", p. 5.
  54. ^ "Severe Storm Floods 3d Artillery Camp". Buffalo Evening News. Buffalo, NY. October 14, 1916. p. 19 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "Troop I Home From Texas; Both Commands to Parade". Buffalo Evening News. Buffalo, NY. March 12, 1917. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ "Capt. Daniel W. Hand, field artillery". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. March 20, 1917. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ^ "Captain Hand Will Go To Fort Niagara". Buffalo Evening News. Buffalo, NY. June 26, 1917. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ "Camp Dix Range Is A Lively Place". Paterson Evening News. Paterson, NJ. September 14, 1917. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ Harris, P. C. (May 2, 1921). General Orders No. 19. Washington, DC: United States Department of War. p. 3 – via Google Books.
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  61. ^ "Col. D. W. Hand Promoted". Buffalo Enquirer. Buffalo, NY. October 4, 1918. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  62. ^ "Transfer Commander". Bakersfield Morning Echo. Bakersfield, CA. February 12, 1919. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  63. ^ "Constructors to Visit Kearny". Fresno Morning Republican. Fresno, CA. May 13, 1919. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. ^ "Batteries of 75s to Make Up Utah's Unit". Salt Lake Telegram. Salt Lake City, UT. August 11, 1919. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Lieut. Col. Daniel W. Hand". The Washington Post. Washington, DC. December 13, 1921. p. 19 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^ "Colonel Hand of State's Old 65th" Visits City; On Way to New Army Post". The Buffalo Evening Times. Buffalo, NY. July 16, 1924. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ "Colonel Hand of State's Old 65th" Visits City", p. 10.
  68. ^ "Colonel Hand to Leave Fort Sill". Lawton Constitution. Lawton, OK. March 20, 1925. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  69. ^ "Officers Are Promoted". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. June 19, 1926. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  70. ^ Clay, Steven E. (2010). US Army Order of Battle, 1919–1941. Vol. 2. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 774 – via Google Books.
  71. ^ US Army Order of Battle, 1919–1941, p. 762.
  72. ^ "Army Orders: Col. Daniel W. Hand". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. May 10, 1931. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
  73. ^ "Artillery Unit to Fire Near Pismo". Pismo Times. Pismo Beach, CA. August 11, 1933. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  74. ^ "Social Activities: Brigadier General Daniel W. Hand Retired". The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. October 25, 1933. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  75. ^ "Social Activities", p. 9.
  76. ^ "Gen. Hand Dies At Letterman". San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, CA. September 29, 1945. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.
  77. ^ "Coast Area News Roundup". The Salinas Californian. Salinas, CA. February 22, 1944. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  78. ^ a b c d "Gen. Hand Dies At Letterman", p. 13.
  79. ^ "Awarded D. S. Medal". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. April 12, 1921. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  80. ^ "Razor-Edged Army Proposed for U.S." The Evening Star. Washington, DC. February 7, 1926. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
  81. ^ "Birthday of Lincoln: Loyal legion preparing to Properly Commemorate It". The St. Paul Globe. St. Paul, MN. February 2, 1896. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ^ Great Plains Journal. Vol. 17–18. Lawton, OK: Great Plains Historical Association. 1978. p. 73 – via Google Books.
  83. ^ "Battery E Gets trophy". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, NY. December 12, 1934. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
  84. ^ a b Mayflower Pilgrim Descendants in Cape May County, New Jersey, p. 207.
  85. ^ "Col. Hand's Wife Dies". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. May 28, 1932. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  86. ^ "Carson City, Nevada, Marriage Index, 1855–1985, Entry for Daniel W. Hand and Ella Gayle Reed". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com, LLC. July 24, 1933. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  87. ^ Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Vol. 34. Buffalo, NY: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 1994. p. 56. ISBN 9780944032558 – via Google Books.
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